What You Need To Know About Lithium Ion Batteries

Used for many popular handheld devices from iPods to iPAQs lithium-ion batteries are ideal for mobile electronics. They are lightweight, energy-dense, and have a chemistry composite allowing the battery to recharge fast. But what is lithium, where does it come from, how is it made into a battery, what does it look like, and where can I get it?

Here is a quick list of the chemical characteristics of lithium

  • Name: lithium
  • Symbol: Li
  • Atomic number: 3
  • Atomic weight: [6.941 (2)] g m r
  • Chemical Abstract Service Registry ID: 7439-93-2
  • Group number: 1
  • Group name: Alkali metal
  • Period number: 2
  • Block: s-block
  • Standard state: solid at 298 K
  • Color: silvery white/grey
  • Classification: Metallic

You will not find lithium lying around in the open as lithium does not occur as the free metal. Lithium however is a component of nearly all igneous rocks and many natural brines with large deposits located in California and Nevada both in the good ole USA. You will find lithium in the rock forms spodumene, lepidolite, petalite, and amblygonite.

Lithium is extracted, one way, from the rock by heating the rock to 1100°C, mixing with sulphuric acid, H2SO4, and heating to 250°C. Then it is followed by extracting into water to create a lithium sulphate solution, Li2SO4. At this point then it can be used for various manufacturing purposes.

Lithium has high electrochemical potential and thus is used as a battery anode material in dry cells and storage batteries. In fact the energy of some lithium-based cells can be five times greater than an equivalent-sized lead-acid cell and three times greater than alkaline batteries. Lithium cells often have a starting voltage of 3.0 V. This means that batteries can be lighter in weight, have lower per-use costs, and have higher and more stable voltage profiles.

Here are some facts for lithium-ion battery cells:

  • The lightest of all metals
  • The greatest electrochemical potential
  • The largest energy density for weight.
  • The load characteristics are reasonably good in terms of discharge.
  • The high cell voltage of 3.6 volts allows battery pack designs with only one cell versus three.
  • It is a low maintenance battery.
  • No memory and no scheduled cycling is required to prolong the battery's life.
  • Lithium-ion cells cause little harm when disposed.
  • It is fragile and requires a protection circuit to maintain safe operation.
  • Cell temperature is monitored to prevent temperature extremes.
  • Capacity deterioration is noticeable after one year (whether the battery is in use or not).

Here are some facts for Lithium Polymer Battery Cells:

  • The lithium-polymer differentiates itself from the conventional battery in the type of electrolyte used (a plastic-like film that does not conduct electricity but allows ion exchange – electrically charged atoms or groups of atoms).
  • The polymer electrolyte replaces the traditional porous separator, which is soaked with electrolyte.
  • The dry polymer design offers simplifications with respect to fabrication, ruggedness, safety and thin-profile geometry.
  • Cell thickness measures as little as one millimeter (0.039 inches).
  • Can be formed and shaped in any way imagined.
  • Commercial lithium-polymer batteries are hybrid cells that contain gelled electrolyte to enhane conductivity.
  • Gelled electrolyte added to the lithium-ion-polymer replaces the porous separator. The gelled electrolyte is simply added to enhance ion conductivity.
  • Capacity is slightly less than that of the standard lithium-ion battery.
  • Lithium-ion-polymer finds its market niche in wafer-thin geometries, such as PDA batteries.
  • Improved safety – more resistant to overcharge; less chance for electrolyte leakage.

Until next time, Dan Hagopian www.batteryship.com
Copyright © BatteryEducation.com. All rights reserved.

Lithium ion Rechargeable Batteries

Lithium ion rechargeable batteries, similar to the ones seen at BatteryShip.com are by far one of the most important technologies that have been developed over the last 10 years. Lithium based batteries are used in most portable devices from PDAs to laptops to digital cameras. Lithium ion rechargeable batteries are not hazardous when sealed and used according to the recommendations of the manufacturer.

There a number of electrochemical components contained inside a lithium battery that can cause it to be dangerous. Again let me stress that when sealed and used according to the recommendations of the manufacturer lithium ion rechargeable batteries are not hazardous.

However contained inside a battery are components that convert chemical energy into electrical energy and these components if not carefully designed can become dangerous. Why? Because it is basis of the design!

The basic design of a battery includes two electrodes, an anode and a cathode.  The battery’s purpose: to create current, from which we get voltage, the power to make our devices work while on the go. But the same power can also be quite dangerous if not manufactured and or used correctly. Let’s look closer at the battery’s design.

The two electrodes contained within the battery are the anode and the cathode. The anode is where oxidation occurs. During oxidation oxygen is added to the electrode which causes the removal of electrons from the specific chemical compound (e.g. lithium). The cathode is where reduction (gain of electrons) takes place. A Redox reaction is one where electrons are gained from an oxidizing source. In a battery it is in the anode where oxidation occurs to pass electrons to the cathode.

From the anode to the cathode electrons are passed through an electrolyte. An electrolyte is a scientific term for salt, specifically ions. The term electrolyte means that an ion is electrically-charged and moves to either a negative or positive electrode. The electrolyte is a substance containing free ions which behaves as an electrically conductive medium.

Electrolytes are typically formed when the force of salt is placed into a solution. The force of the salt (not to mention the salt itself) separate the atomic components of the solute molecules in a process called chemical dissociation. The solution can be any number of things such as a solution of lithium hexaflourophosphate (LiPF6) in a mixture of Organic Solvents: [Ethylene Carbonate (EC) + DiEthyl Carbonate (DMC) + DiEthyl Carbonate (DEC) + Ethyl Acetate (EA).

In batteries electrolytes are used to store energy as chemical fuel on the surface of the metal plates within battery cell and the electrolyte also serves as a conductor, which connects the plates electrically.

In some of the lithium batteries at BatteryShip.com for example the electrolyte is a gel-like polymer film that allows ion exchange. The dry polymer electrolyte design offers simplifications with respect to fabrication, ruggedness, safety, a razor thin-profile geometry, and enhanced conductivity. The electrolyte is held within a dry cell which is a galvanic electrochemical cell containing the pasty electrolyte.

Under normal conditions of use, the solid electrode materials and liquid electrolyte they contain are non reactive provided the battery integrity is maintained and seals remain intact. There is risk of exposure ONLY in cases of abuse (mechanical, thermal, electrical), which leads to the activation of the safety valve and/or the rupture of the battery container. Electrolyte leakage, electrode materials reaction with moisture/water or battery vent/explosion/fire may follow, depending upon the circumstances. Consequently the battery may bulge, bubble, smoke, or catch on fire in extreme circumstances. However if constructed and used according to the manufacturers recommendations lithium rechargeable batteries are perfectly safe and very useful.

Until next time – Dan Hagopian, www.batteryship.com
Copyright © BatteryEducation.com. All rights reserved.

Battery Recall – Are Lithium Batteries Safe?

With the battery recalls that have recently occurred with both Dell and Apple many people have been writing about battery safety issues. Since BatteryShip is in the business of selling rechargeable batteries we would like to say emphatically that lithium ion batteries are perfectly safe. In fact with the lithium ion batteries we have been selling we have found that less than 1% of the batteries we have are ever defective. Furthermore we have never had a case where one of the batteries we have sold has caught fire. In addition to that in my last 10 years in the industry and having sold millions of these battery technologies I can say that without question these batteries are safe.

Personally I believe that many of the recalled batteries more than likely did not even need to be returned. But I do understand from a precautionary stand it is far less costly to recall a battery then go through any legal proceedings that may arise from a defective battery that explodes.

During the latest round of recalls media outlets have been making statements that lithium ion battery packs contain cells of rolled up metal strips. This is true. They continue to report that during the manufacturing process at a Sony factory in Japan, crimping the rolls [of electrolytes] left tiny shards of metal loose in the cells, and some of those shards caused batteries to short-circuit and overheat, according to Sony. This may be true. If it is true then the cause is not in lithium technology but a mistake made during the manufacturing process of the batteries at Sony’s plant.

Regardless of the mistakes made in Sony’s manufacturing process a small percentage of batteries can and do fail. Battery failures occur for a number of reasons including:

• Batteries can have faulty cell design
• Batteries can be manufactured under uncontrolled processes
• Batteries can be operated in uncontrolled conditions
• Batteries can be abused
• Batteries can degrade and lose power (this is actually not a defect but the natural lifecycle of a battery during normal usage)

Battery Cell Design Faults – include weak mechanical design, inadequate pressure seals and vents, the specification of poor quality materials and improperly specified tolerances can be responsible for many potential failures.

Uncontrolled Manufacturing Processes include – badly run production facilities which lead to cell short circuits, leaks, unreliable connections, sealing quality, mechanical weakness, and contamination. An example of a manufacturing process out of control is variable coating thicknesses of the active chemicals on the electrodes would affect cell capacity, impedance and self discharge.

Uncontrolled Operating Conditions – perfectly good batteries fail when you use operate them in conditions where they shouldn’t be like: using the battery in a device that it was not specifically designed for, charging the battery with an incorrect adapter/charger, extreme environmental conditions (most handheld consumer batteries operate best when ambient temperatures are between 32°F-95°F), and physical damage.

Abuse – Abuse means deliberate physical abuse by the end user as well as accidental abuse which may be unavoidable. This may include dropping, crushing, penetrating, impacts, immersion in fluids, freezing or contact with fire.

Battery Degradation and Power Loss – A battery over time degrades and eventually stops working, this is no surprise, but why this occurs is really a fascinating yet technical process. These reasons are complex issues that are way beyond user control and are wholly contained within your battery and within your device! These reasons for battery degradation and power loss over time is due to declining capacity, increasing internal resistance, elevated self-discharge, and premature voltage cut-off on discharge.

Until next time Dan Hagopian, BatteryShip.com
Copyright © BatteryEducation.com. All rights reserved.

How Do Batteries Work?

A battery is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Batteries have two electrodes, an anode (the negative end) and a cathode (the positive end). Collectively the anode and the cathode are called the electrodes. What is positve and what is the negative terminal? It would be great to simply say that the anode is negative and the cathode is positive, however, that is not always the case. Somtimes the opposite is true depending on battery technology. 

In between the battery’s two electrodes runs an electrical current caused primarily from a voltage differential between the anode and cathode. The voltage runs through a chemical called an electrolyte (which can be either liquid or solid). This battery consisting of two electrodes is called a voltaic cell.

The first inclination that an electrical path-way from an anode to a cathode within a battery or in this first instance “a frog” occurred in 1786, when Count Luigi Galvani (an Italian anatomist, 1737-1798) found that when the muscles of a dead frog were touched by two pieces of different metals, the muscle tissue twitched.

This led to idea by Count Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (Feb. 18, 1745- March 5, 1827), an Italian physicist who realized that the twitching was caused by an electrical current that was created by chemicals. Volta’s discovery led to the invention of the chemical battery (also called the voltaic pile) in 1800. His first voltaic piles were made from zinc and silver plates (separated by a cloth) put in a salt water bath. Volta improved the pile, using zinc and copper in a weak sulfuric acid bath and thus invented the first generator of continuous electrical current.

The batteries we use today are simply variations of the early battery or voltaic pile. Today’s battery’s are made up of plates of reactive chemicals separated by barriers, being polarized so all the electrons gather on one side. The side that all the electrons gather on becomes negatively charged, and the other side becomes positively charged. Connecting a device creates a current and the electrons flow through the device to the positive side. At the same time, an electrochemical reaction takes place inside the batteries to replenish the electrons. The effect is a chemical process that creates electrical energy (electrochemical energy).

Now with this backdrop let’s look more closely at one popular battery – the iPAQ Battery 167648 and use this battery as an example of what type of electrochemical reaction is occurring inside your battery to create power. Most batteries function in a similar fashion so this example should provide a basic back drop.

As you look at the iPAQ Battery 167648 at BatteryShip.com you will see that the technical specs are:

• Polymer Lithium
• 3.7 volts
• 1600 mAh
• 100% OEM compatible. IPAQ 167648 Battery is guaranteed to meet or exceed OEM specifications.
• Integrated Power Management Circuits – protect against over-voltage and under-voltage conditions and maximizes battery life between charges, minimizes charging times, and improves overall battery life.

These specifications are actually the measurements of some of the technical operations that are taking place inside the iPAQ 167648 Battery while the battery is powered and they quantify the energy that is used to power your iPAQ 167648 Battery.

The iPAQ 167648 Battery is the power source for the iPAQ 167648 PDA. The iPAQ 167648 battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy and that conversion is the basis of the energy formed to power the iPAQ 167648 Battery and device.

Inside the durable casing of the iPAQ 167648 Battery is an internal system design that includes two electrodes, an electrolyte, plates of reactive chemicals, and a dry cell.

Working in concert with each other each of these parts perform a specific function: to create electrical current to power the IPAQ 167648 Battery and device.

Let’s look closely at the internal design of the iPAQ 167648 battery.

The two electrodes contained within the iPAQ 167648 battery are the anode and the cathode. The anode is the positive electrode and it is where oxidation occurs. During oxidation oxygen is added to the electrode which causes the removal of electrons from the specific chemical compound (e.g. lithium). The cathode is where reduction (gain of electrons) takes place. A Redox reaction is one where electrons are gained from an oxidizing source. In the iPAQ 167648 Battery it is in the anode that oxidation occurs to pass electrons to the cathode.

The passing of electrons from the anode to the cathode is passed through an electrolyte. The electrolyte is a gel-like polymer film that does not conduct electricity but allows ion exchange. The dry polymer electrolyte design offers simplifications with respect to fabrication, ruggedness, safety, a razor thin-profile geometry, and enhanced conductivity. The electrolyte is held within a dry cell which is a galvanic electrochemical cell containing the pasty electrolyte.

As electrons pass through the electrolyte we can measure their volume in amperes (Amps) at a rate of one Amp to every 62,000,000,000,000,000,000 electrons per second.

[One side bar: In the case of iPAQ 167648 Battery the Amp rating is rated as mAh. A milliAmp hour (mAh) is most commonly used notation system for the iPAQ 167648 Battery. Note that 1000 mAh is the same as 1 Ah. (Just as 1000mm equals 1 meter.) Note that Amp hours do not dictate the flow of electrons at any given moment, that is the role of volts. An iPAQ 167648 Battery with a 1 Amp hour rating could deliver ½ Amp of current for 2 hours, or they could provide 2 Amps of current for ½ hour.]

As mentioned above as electrons are passing through the electrolyte of the 167648 Battery an electron flow is created. As the electrons flow from the anode to the cathode through the electrolyte the electron flow becomes the current created by your iPAQ 167648 Battery to power your iPAQ 167648 Battery.

Current can be measured in volts, which is the electrical measure of energy potential. You can think of it as the pressure being exerted by all the electrons of your iPAQ 167648 Battery on the cathode as they move from the anode. This “pressure” of electrons are controlled so that just the right amount of current can be sent through your iPAQ 167648 Battery battery.

So as we started with our example of the iPAQ 167648 Battery we see that when the battery is powering your iPAQ 167648 Battery there is quite a lot of controlled work that is taking place, more than we typically realize is going on.

By the way the iPAQ Battery 167648 fits the following models:

IPAQ 3135 IPAQ H3135 IPAQ 3150 IPAQ H3150 IPAQ 3630 IPAQ H3630 IPAQ 3635 IPAQ H3635 IPAQ 3650 IPAQ H3650 IPAQ 3660 IPAQ H3660 IPAQ 3670 IPAQ H3670 IPAQ 3760 IPAQ H3760 IPAQ 3765 IPAQ H3765

Until next time Dan Hagopian, BatteryShip.com
Copyright © BatteryEducation.com. All rights reserved.

Temperature Affects Batteries?

Batteries are affected by temperature and or humidity. If batteries are too hot or too cold, then yes batteries will exhibit behaviors that would be incongruent with their normal and designed operating specifications. This is not a manufacturer defect but a direct consequence of using a battery in an environment that the battery was never designed to be used. Let us refer to this type of environment as a weather extreme.

If a battery is exposed to a weather extreme it may stop working, bulge, bubble, melt, damage your device, smoke, create sparks, create flames, expand, contract, and or even blow-up in very extreme cases.

Weather extremes, where the ambient temperature and the relative humidity of a specific environment are altered beyond the norm may occur almost anywhere and at anytime. Here are a few such examples (this is by no means exhaustive): a weather extreme can occur outside, in a non-temperature controlled room, in a closed bathroom with the shower on, in a closed car on a hot day, in a steam-room or a sauna to name a few places. Altitude also affects batteries, for example above 15,000 feet in non-pressurized cabin. Extreme cold also affects the battery as the internal components expand as direct result to A weather extreme can also occur even when the temperature is well within the range of the devices specification but the relative humidity increases the ambient temperature beyond the norm.

If a device including the battery is exposed to weather extremes for any length of time then there will be an affect; mostly a negative effect on your device and battery.

Why does temperature affect a battery – because batteries are a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy? A battery is an electro-chemical device. Batteries have two electrodes, an anode (the negative end) and a cathode (the positive end). Collectively the anode and the cathode are called the electrodes. What is positve and what is the negative terminal? It would be great to simply say that the anode is negative and the cathode is positive, however, that is not always the case. Somtimes the opposite is true depending on battery technology.

 

In between the battery’s two electrodes runs an electrical current caused primarily from a voltage differential between the anode and cathode. The voltage runs through a chemical called an electrolyte (which can be either liquid or solid). This battery consisting of two electrodes is called a voltaic cell.

The batteries we use today are simple variations of the early battery or voltaic cell. Today’s battery’s are made up of plates of reactive chemicals separated by barriers, being polarized so all the electrons gather on one side. The side that all the electrons gather on becomes negatively charged, and the other side becomes positively charged. Connecting a device creates a current and the electrons flow through the device to the positive side. At the same time, an electrochemical reaction takes place inside the batteries to replenish the electrons. The effect is a chemical process that creates electrical energy.

When ambient temperature changes occur the electrons within the battery is affected. When an increase in temperature occurs the electrons are excited. A decrease in temperature inhibits electrons. This is a natural reaction on electrons in most systems. Furthermore, the combination of a rapid temperature change and high humidity can cause condensation to form and a potential hazard for your battery and device for that matter.

 

Until next time – Dan Hagopian, www.BatteryShip.com
Copyright © BatteryEducation.com. All rights reserved.

6,831 Lithium-ion Batteries

6,831 laptop-type lithium-ion batteries are jam packed in the new Tesla Roadster, a company founded in part by Google executives.

In addition to the 6,831 rechargeable lithium-ion batteries the Tesla Roadster has a range of 250 miles. Fuel efficiency: 1 to 2 cents per mile. Top speed: more than 130 mph.

The full story can be found at: http://www.wired.com/news/wiredmag/0,71414-0.html?tw=rss.index

Unl next time, Dan Hagopian www.Batteryship.com.

Cleanest Light-duty Truck In The World

Mitsubishi Fuso, part of DaimlerChrysler’s Truck Group, began selling its Canter Eco Hybrid light-duty truck in Japan. Dubbed as the cleanest light-duty truck in the world, this truck releases 41% less nitrogen oxide and consumes 20% less fuel than conventionally-powered models. It is a hybrid diesel-electric truck that switches its operational mode according to the driving situation.

Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corporation issued a press release about the new Canter Eco Hybrid light-duty truck stating that it:

  • includes a small clean-burning diesel engine
  • an ultra-slim electric motor/generator
  • and advanced lithium-ion batteries in a drive train that also includes a high-efficiency automated mechanical transmission.

"The result is a medium-duty truck that achieves up to 30% better fuel economy in delivery applications and also produces significantly less emissions than its standard diesel-only model." (http://www.mitfuso.com/pages/news-hevconcept.html)

According to Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corporation the electric motor functions as a generator to brake the vehicle. The generator then converts brake energy into electric energy and stores it in the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery for the next moving off or acceleration.

Conventional trucks use a braking system that will convert the truck’s kinetic energy (its forward motion) into heat energy that is ultimately dissipated into the air via the brake pads and disks.

Until next time – Dan Hagopian, Batteryship.com

Lithium Ion – Your Car?

Altair Nanotechnologies plans to test an electric vehicle prototype that incorporate lithium ion technology. We use lithium ion batteries or the cousins lithium polymer in PDAs, digital camera, and laptops, amongst others, but because of lithium’s energy potential the chemical could soon be powerin your car.

Altair Nanotechnologies of Reno, NV, has announced plans to start testing its new lithium batteries in prototype electric vehicles, with road tests scheduled to begin by year-end. The company says its new electrode materials allow higher bursts of power, longer battery life, and more available energy storage capacity — and far quicker "fill-up" — than previous lithium-ion batteries. Their goal: an electric car that performs as well as a conventional car.

Altairnano plans to incorporate batteries that use their new lithium-ion electrode material into a prototype electric vehicle. The batteries use a safe, stable structure that increases their lifetime by preventing the electrodes from expanding and contracting as the ions move in and out — a principle reason for the eventual death of conventional lithium-ion batteries.

The batteries can also handle big bursts of power, which occur in both fast charging and quick acceleration. In fact according to Gotcher their batteries could charge in about the time it takes to fill a tank of gas and buy a cup of coffee and snack — six to eight minutes.

Until next time – Dan Hagopian, Batteryship.com

Exploding Lithium-ion Batteries

"A mobile phone exploded in his living room last year, causing up to $100,000 in damages. Ortega and his family had to live in a trailer for a few months while their house in California was fixed" reports the Chicago Tribune….

Fire and insurance investigators find that the cause was due to a phone's lithium-ion battery failure and subsequent spontaneous combustion. Ortega's case is one of 339 battery-related overheating incidents tracked by the Consumer Product Safety Commission since 2003.

Conservatively in excess of 100 million battery related devices have been bought by consumer since 2003. So the 339 incidents report by the Saftey Commission represent .000003 (a very small percent) of all battery related devices on the market. So no major alarm about batteries.

In addition most lithium based batteries have integrated power management circuits that protect against over-voltage and under-voltage conditions which minimizes chemical or mehcanical failure.

However it should be made clear that lithium-ion and or lithium polymer batteries are specifically designed to store a tremendous amount of energy in a small space; and yes it is possible if there is a short circuits or other failure the stored energy may (I emphasize MAY) cause an explosion small or large.

Again let me stress that such explosions and fires are rare considering the hundreds of millions of cell phones, laptops, digital cameras and other devices that are powered by lithium-ion batteries.

"The safety record of lithium-ion batteries is very good," said Dan Doughty, a battery expert at Sandia National Laboratories in New Mexico. "But occasionally there are problems."

Lithium batteries contain lithium metal and a break down of lithium (ion and polymer) cna be found here:http://www.batteryeducation.com/2006/04/battery_chemist.html.

Also you can understand the energy potential of lithium here: http://www.batteryeducation.com/2006/04/energy_potentia.html.

The real point of this post is that the liklihood of lithium based batteries actually exploding is minimal.

Until next time – Dan Hagopian, Batteryship.com
Copyright © BatteryEducation.com. All rights reserved.

Batteries That Overheat Stop Working

I had an interesting conversation with a customer this morning and the customer’s scenario went like this: A customer with a 4G iPod states that his iPod overheats and his battery is completely drained when attached to his computer's USB’s port. In addition his backlight does not work unless connected to AC power.

We discussed software settings: iPod has backlighting, so you can see the display in low light. This will help save your battery power so your battery will last longer. You can configure the iPod so the backlight turns on for a set amount of time when you press a button or move the scroll wheel. See your manual for specific instructions, but in short you can have backlight always on or have it off after a period of time between 2 and 20 seconds.

There is also a condition with iPod’s called the “Black Screen of Death” (iPod users have named this condition not I) where an iPod's screen gets dark after a few minutes of operation and the back of the iPod gets hot hot. It is a condition where the iPod itself is defective.

But what to me is interesting is that the iPod was only getting hot when connected to a USB port. It reminds of the worst possible condition of lithium ion or lithium polymer.

The worst condition is keeping a fully charged battery at elevated temperatures, which is the case when running a battery powered device on AC power for extended periods of time.  If used on main power, the battery inside a device will only last for 12-18 months. Also the battery will not all of sudden stop working but over time gradually lose the capacity to power your device little by little.

This raises the question then; should a battery pack be removed when the device is running on main AC power? Considering the fact that a fully charged battery operates at an internal temperature of 113°F and then keeping a battery in the device and keeping it fully charged will create a constant state of elevated internal temperature and ultimately cause a decline in battery capacity over time.

Removing the battery in a device then will protect the internal circuitry from maintaining a high internal temperature. It is interesting how Apple warns against the iPod battery from being operated at high temperatures over 95°F. It seems then that a prolonged USB connection to an iPod will indeed cause a battery to decline gradually since the battery can be charged via a USB connection. Obviously the longer the prolonged connection then the faster the battery capacity decline!

But since removing an iPod battery is not the easiest thing to do use the USB connection in temporary states and you will avoid most overheating issues with your iPod battery and help prolong its life.

Until next time Dan Hagopian www.batteryship.com
Copyright © BatteryEducation.com. All rights reserved.